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<\/p>\nCircassia was a historical country in the western North Caucasus along the northeastern shore of the Black Sea that existed from the 13th century until its disestablishment in 1864.<\/b>\u00a0The Circassians<\/b> (who call themselves the Adyghe<\/i>) are an ancient Northwest Caucasian indigenous people known for their distinct language branch, clan-based democratic councils, equestrian traditions, and strict code of chivalry and ethics called Adyghe Khabze<\/i>. Historically organized into numerous confederated tribes rather than a centralized monarchy, they occupied the fertile plains of the Kuban River basin down to the rugged peaks of the Greater Caucasus. The Circassian nation held immense regional influence for centuries\u2014notably contributing prominent warrior-elites and rulers to the medieval Islamic world, including the Burji Mamluk Dynasty of Egypt\u2014until their homeland was conquered by the Russian Empire in 1864 at the end of the century-long Russo-Circassian War. This defeat led to the Circassian Genocide and mass expulsion, forcing the vast majority of surviving Circassians into exile across the Ottoman Empire, leaving large diaspora communities across Turkey, Jordan, Syria, and Israel, while remaining populations live today within the Russian federal republics of Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Karachay-Cherkessia.<\/p>\n
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Historical Circassian Region<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n| Modern-Day Administrative Region \/ Name<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n | Modern-Day Country<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\n | Western Circassia (Lower Kuban & Taman)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Republic of Adygea & central\/northern Krasnodar Krai<\/span><\/td>\n | Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Black Sea Littoral (Natukhaj, Shapsugh, Ubykh lands)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Krasnodar Krai (including the Sochi & Tuapse coastal districts)<\/span><\/td>\n | Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Central Circassia (Upper Kuban \/ Besleney lands)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia<\/span><\/td>\n | Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Eastern Circassia (Greater & Lesser Kabarda)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria<\/span><\/td>\n | Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Northern Steppe Borderlands (Kuban\u2013Kuma basin)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Southwestern Stavropol Krai<\/span><\/td>\n | Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Eastern Foothill Borderlands (Sunzha\u2013Terek basin)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Western Republic of North Ossetia\u2013Alania<\/span><\/td>\n | Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" | Circassia was a historical country in the western North Caucasus along the northeastern shore of the Black Sea that existed from the 13th century until its disestablishment in 1864.\u00a0The Circassians (who call themselves the Adyghe) are an ancient Northwest Caucasian indigenous people known for their distinct language branch, clan-based democratic councils, equestrian traditions, and strict … <\/p>\n |